AUTOANTIBODIES
a. Nuclear
• diffuse (homogenous) → DNA (many diseases), histones (drug-induced SLE)
• rim (peripheral) → double-stranded DNA (SLE)
• speckled (non-DNA extractable nuclear proteins) → Smith (SLE), SS-A and SS-B (Sjögren syndrome), Scl-70 (progressive systemic sclerosis)
• nucleolar (RNA) → many (eg, progressive systemic sclerosis)
• centromere → CREST syndrome
b. Cytoplasmic
• mitochondria → primary biliary cirrhosis
c. Cells
• smooth muscle → lupoid hepatitis (autoimmune chronic active hepatitis)
• neutrophils → Wegener granulomatosis and microscopic polyarteritis
• parietal cell and intrinsic factor → pernicious anemia
• microvasculature of muscle → dermatomyositis
d. Proteins
• immunoglobulin → rheumatoid arthritis
• thyroglobulin → Hashimoto thyroiditis
• GM-CSF → pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP)
e. Structural Antigens
• lung and glomerular basement membranes → Goodpasture disease
• intercellular space of epidermis → pemphigus vulgaris
• epidermal basement membrane → bullous pemphigoid
f. Receptors
• acetylcholine receptor → myasthenia gravis
• thyroid hormone receptor → Graves disease
• insulin receptor → diabetes mellitus
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